教師資格考試英語語法-非謂語動詞

1.不定式作定語

(1)不定式的一般式通常表示一個將來或經常性的動作，完成式則表示該動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。

She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.

(2)如果作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞有動賓關系，在不及物動詞后通常要加上適當的介詞。

Let’s first find a room to live in / put the things in.

We have nothing to worry about. (= There is nothing for us to worry about.)

2. -ing分詞作定語

(1)-ing分詞作定語一般要求其動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生或是在說話時該動作正在進行，否則，要用從句作定語。

Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?

Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?

The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday.

(2)單個的-ing分詞作定語一般前置，說明名詞的性質、特征或用途等，-ing短語作定語一般后置;強調動作的單個-ing分詞也常后置。例：

a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping)

a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping)

the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )

The girl singing is my classmate.

3. -ed分詞作定語

-ed分詞作定語一般表示一個被動或已完成的動作，-ing分詞表示一個主動或正在進行的動作，-ing分詞的被動式則表示一個正在被進行的動作。例：

a developed/developing country

He is a student loved by all the teachers.

The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.

【典型例題】

When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”

A. read B.reads C. to read D. reading

【答案】D。解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意是：當我回家的時候我看到門上別著一個信息，寫道“很遺憾沒有見到你，晚些時候會打電話給你”。reading與pinned to the door一樣做message的后置定語，相當于which read，pinned和reading的邏輯主語都是message，它與pin是被動關系，用-ed形式，與read是主動關系，用-ing形式。故選D。